Abstract:
Birds are important bio-indicators and provide various ecosystem services including pollination,
dispersal, and pest control. However, they are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and
degradation. Study on species diversity, relative abundance, and habitat associations of avifauna
were conducted in Tara Gedam Monastery forest patch and associated habitats from July 2016 to
April 2017. Stratified random sampling approach was used to classify habitats and select
sampling plots based on vegetation type. Consequently, forest, bushland, farmland, and
plantation habitats were used for data collection. Point count and line transect methods were used
to collect data, and Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices were used to estimate the
avian species diversity. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare avian relative abundance
and richness among the different habitat types. A total of 98 species of birds belonging to 14
orders and 41 families were recorded in Tara Gedam Monastery forest and associated habitats.
Eighty-seven resident bird species and eleven Palearctic migrants were identified of which seven
species are endemic to Ethiopia and Eritrea. The highest avian diversity (H’=4.23) was recorded
in the study area during the wet season.The highest species similarity index (SI=0.47) was
recorded between forest and bushland habitats during the wet season, while the lowest similarity
index (SI=0.07) was found between bush-land and farmland habitats during the dry season.
Species richness and relative abundance of bird species varied between the wet and dry seasons.
Besides birds, Tara Gedam Monastery forest supports a large number of other wild fauna
species, which indicates the area’s potential to support biodiversity. Therefore, there must be a
collaborative work between the monastery and different governmental and non-governmental
organizations to protect the entire ecosystem in order to conserve the whole biodiversity of the
area in general and the avifauna in particular.
